Style and Characteristics of Gothic Architecture

History: Gothic architecture

It is very important, prior to conducting research on Gothic architecture, to note that ‘Gothic’ has nothing to do with the Goths. It is a term that was commonly used in the 1530s, to be precise, by Giorgio Vasari, to refer to architecture that flaunted the ‘rude and barbaric’ fashion. This style of architecture is common to pointed styles that are an inseparable part of ecclesiastical structures. The remains of the old medieval style flaunts bowed and cusped arches and centerpieces and columns that symbolize wealth and pride.

Gothic Style of Architecture

Authentic Gothic revival during the mid-18th century brought to the forefront many European ecclesiastical and university structures. The style displays overtones of spiral work and steeples, columns and extravagant ceilings and pointed roof designs. Gothic architecture is common to most surviving cathedrals, churches and abbeys of Europe.

It is also seen when touring castles, town halls, palaces, guild offices and a number of universities. Gothic style of architecture is most expressed by its emotional appeal. The structures built in this style display architectural distinction and are considered works of art. Most of them are listed as the World Heritage Sites with UNESCO.

It is interesting to note that architects of the modern world believe that the ‘pointed arch’ was actually the result of an attempt to hide technical flaws! In Gothic architecture, the style preferred was ‘vertical and light’. All attempts were made to develop architectural features that provided engineering solutions to design the same. Most Gothic plans display transverse arms or transepts and clerestory windows.

Characteristics of Gothic Architecture

Gothic architecture is unique in its use of materials. The structures took on different styles across Europe. Regional influence played a major role in the design variations and preference for building material. While in France, limestone was used extensively, England witnessed extensive use of red sandstone and coarse limestone with Purbeck marble architectural features. Similarly, while in Northern Germany and the Baltic nations, the tradition was of using brick, in Italy, marble was the preferred material.

This form of architecture also accommodated timber, which is seen to this day in the splendid hammer-beam ceilings and rafters. The style has also been vastly influenced by the preferences of the different monasteries across Europe, like the Benedictines, Cistercians, Cluniac, Franciscans and Dominicans. Gothic architecture is the developed form of Romanesque architecture. It is a blend of the Renaissance styles and Brunelleschi’s Classical style.

Ribbed vaults and buttresses, ambulatories, wheel windows, clustered columns and spires are all special features of this form of ecclesiastical architecture. The Gothic vaults were designed to hold up irregularly shaped trapezoids. They also offered support to the pointed arch channels and enabled architects to raise the vaults to desired heights. While the pointed arch offered flexibility to the structure, the vaulted shape offered to interiors and exteriors, structural decoration.

The other features include:

Ornate door tympanums.
Solid masonry penetrated by small vents.
Features that enable light to triumph over substance.
Pointed arches, part of internal features and the external structure.
Resurfacing of structures to meet the preferences of aesthetic and ideological appeal.
Pinnacles and traceries, rose windows.

Examples of Gothic Architecture

The following are some popular examples of authentic Gothic Architecture:

Batalha Monastery, Portugal.
Church of the Batalha Monastery, Portugal.
Salamanca Cathedral, Spain.
St. Stephen’s Church, Vienna.
Autun Cathedral, France.
Notre Dame, Paris.
Palace of Westminster, London.
Salisbury Cathedral, England.
King’s College Chapel, England.
Basilica of Mary Magdalene in Saint-Maximin, Provence.
Old New Synagogue, Prague.
Palais des Papes, Avignon.
House of Jacques Coeur, Bourges.
Malbork Castle of the Teutonic Knights, Poland.
Gasson Hall, Boston College, Massachusetts.

Difference between Modernism and Postmodernism

Modernism describes a collection of cultural movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It consists of a series of reforming movements in art, architecture, literature, music and applied arts. Modernism was characterized by a dramatic change of thought, whereby human intellect sought to improve their environment. There was a trend of improving every aspect of life by involving science and technology into it. Modernism brought about a reform in all spheres of life including philosophy, commerce, art and literature, with the aid of technology and experimentation. It led to progress in all the aspects of life by changing the approach of mankind of looking at them. Postmodernism means, ‘after the modern’. It was a reaction to modernism and was influenced by the disenchantment brought about by the Second World War. Postmodernism refers to the state that lacks a central hierarchy and one that is complex, ambiguous and diverse. The developments in society, the economy and the culture of the 1960s were impacted by postmodernism.

Difference between Modernism and Postmodernism

Modernism began in the 1890s and lasted till about 1945. Postmodernism began after the Second World War, especially after 1968. Modernism was based on using rational, logical means to gain knowledge while postmodernism denied the application of logical thinking. Rather, the thinking during the postmodern era was based on unscientific, irrational thought process, as a reaction to modernism. A hierarchical and organized and determinate nature of knowledge characterized modernism. But postmodernism was based on an anarchical, non-totalized and indeterminate state of knowledge. Modernist approach was objective, theoretical and analytical while the postmodernism approach was based on subjectivity. It lacked the analytical nature and thoughts were rhetorical and completely based on belief. The fundamental difference between modernism and postmodernism is that modernist thinking is about the search of an abstract truth of life while postmodernist thinkers believe that there is no universal truth, abstract or otherwise.

Modernism attempts to construct a coherent world-view whereas postmodernism attempts to remove the difference between high and low. Modernist thinking asserts that mankind progresses by using science and reason while postmodernist thinking believes that progress is a only way to justify the European domination on culture. Modernist thinking believes in learning from past experiences and trusts the texts that narrate the past. On the other hand postmodernist thinking defies any truth in the text narrating the past and renders it of no use in the present times. Modernist historians have a faith in depth. They believe in going deep into a subject to fully analyze it. This is not the case with postmodernist thinkers. They believe in going by the superficial appearances, they believe in playing on surfaces and show no concern towards the depth of subjects. Modernism considers the original works as authentic while postmodernist thinkers base their views on hyper-reality; they get highly influenced by things propagated through media.

During the modernist era, art and literary works were considered as unique creations of the artists. People were serious about the purpose of producing art and literary works. These works were believed to bear a deep meaning, novels and books predominated society. During the postmodernist era, with the onset of computers, media and advancements in technology, television and computers became dominant in society. Art and literary works began to be copied and preserved by the means of digital media. People no longer believed in art and literary works bearing one unique meaning; they rather believed in deriving their own meanings from pieces of art and literature. Interactive media and Internet led to distribution of knowledge. Music like Mozart, Beethoven, which was appreciated during modernism became less popular in the postmodern era. World music, Djs and remixes characterized postmodernism. The architectural forms that were popular during modernism were replaced by a mix of different architectural styles in the postmodern times.

The History of Eastern and Oriental Tapestry Art

The History of tapestries and textiles reads like the history of art itself; echoing the rise and fall of nations and the changing tastes of societies. Like all art movements tapestry art has a number of hidden gems, known only to very few, that have survived intact.

One such area is Asian tapestries which enjoyed a brief fame in Europe for about 150 years. Reflecting the growing confidence of European nations and their ambitions to conquer the world, these tapestries writ large the travels of adventurous seafaring nations and helped publicize their travels, successes and exploits.

Know as Orientale tapestries they first came to prominence in the 17th century. They depicted exotic far eastern lands like China, often concentrating on unusual items such as fruits and animals not found in Europe. They were designed to excite audiences and challenge polite Europeans ideas about their world.

Their emergence can be traced back to the first accounts of Eastern countries from Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century. This sparked an interest in the exotic and unusual cultures of the East that continues to this day.

Tapestries designed in this style were very popular from the 17th to the 19th century in Europe, especially France. By the 1660′s tales of the East were beginning to circulate amongst the wealthy in Europe, brought back by Jesuit missionaries from the middle and far East. This created an interest in anything related to the Orient, and artists soon responded.

Many of the early depictions of the Orient were not experienced firsthand by artists and were often copied from engravings made by missionaries, such was the demand for Eastern artifacts and art. During the 18th and 19th centuries this interest was maintained due to the fact that the largely non-Christian countries in the East were still sufficiently different in culture, language and customs to seem very exotic to Europeans.

Over time this led to the development of a style of tapestry known as Orientale. Always distinctive, they tended to be tobacco colored and featured striking images of exotic creatures and people, set against a vibrant backdrop. Many were complemented with detail of local flora and fauna that was often remarkably accurate. Even today these tapestries continue to be popular, offering an insight into the cultures of the East and the preoccupations of Europe in the past few centuries.

One of the most distinct works of Oriental tapestry art is La Recotte des Ananas from a series called “The Story of the Emperor of China”. It depicts an everyday scene in China, peasants picking fruit, and is lavish in its attention to detail. It also shows the Chinese Empress gesturing towards the plentiful fruit being harvested, with a pagoda and other buildings in the background.

The scene also depicts other tropical fruits and plants, setting the context as Eastern and distinctly non-European. Typical of the Oriental style it is believed to have been woven between 1697 and 1705 and commissioned by Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (1678 – 1737), son of Louis XIV, and many of the details on the tapestry would never have been experienced by the artists firsthand.

By the 1660′s Jesuit missionaries returning from Asia provided these details in the form of engravings, which also created a great deal of public interest in life at the Chinese court. Of the original ten tapestries six can now be seen in the Getty Museum, Los Angeles.

Two of the most famous examples include “Asia” and “Royal Elephant”, both designed and woven by Charles-Jean Salloundrouze de la Mornaix between 1840 and 1843. They were intended for the exposition of Industrial Products in France in 1844 and stunned audiences with their vibrant use of color and their depiction of exotic lands far away.

Like all Eastern tapestries they exude a strange exoticism that is apparent even today. In a time before mass media they did much to help publicize to polite European society that other cultures existed and were quite different from their own.

The Opportunities of Digital Photography

Digital photography is a wonderful tool to capture those special moments and events. One of the many benefits of digital photography is that it is relatively inexpensive and requires little or no additional equipment to get started. All that is needed is a basic digital camera, a computer, and possible a printer or DVD drive to capture images. Even without a printer or DVD drive, images can be transferred from the camera to the computer and emailed to others.

When shopping for a digital camera a good idea is to keep in mind what the camera will be used for and what level of skill or experience the photographer has. There are very advanced digital cameras on the market that literally have hundreds of different adjustments and settings, accessories and add-on features. Most hobbyists do not need this level of technology and refinement to create beautiful images using digital photography. Generally a good basic digital camera will have:

* Adjustable resolution – this determines the overall quality of the picture when photographs are increased in size. The higher the resolution rating, the larger the photograph can be made without sacrificing picture quality.
* Glass lens – a glass lens will give a clearer image than a plastic lens. It does require some additional care to avoid scratching but is worth the added cost over the long run unless you are planning to replace your camera frequently.
* Various modes – most digital cameras will have a close up mode and a distant or landscape mode. This is a great feature and will automatically keep pictures clear when used in the correct setting.
* Manual exposure feature – if you want to work on lighting and creating new and unique pictures, consider choosing a digital camera with a manual exposure feature.

In addition to the features offered by the digital camera, there is also the consideration with regards to cost. There are many very basic digital cameras available on the market that work very well, however there are just as many low-cost digital cameras that simply don’t. Be sure to complete some online research, read product reviews, as well as talk to friends and others interested in digital photography to get an idea of the brands and models that they prefer. On the other hand, some of the very expensive cameras are often complicated to use and can make learning digital photography more challenging than it needs to be.

Starting out with digital photography using a middle of the market camera and a good quality digital photo printer is a great way to get the results that you want without investing a huge amount of money. With experience and practice you may wish to upgrade your equipment or you may find you have just what you need to complete your digital photography projects.

Austin Art Galleries

Though Austin is known for being the live music capital of the world, and home to the Texas government, today Austin’s art scene is on the rise with different art collectives and galleries popping up around town. Many of these studios are manned by recent graduates of UT’s studio arts program, giving them a reason to stay in Austin after graduation.

Downtown Austin has recently gained some very classy, upscale galleries. The Lora Reynolds gallery opened in 2005, with an Andy Warhol exhibition of trial proofs and unpublished prints, dating from 1974 to 1986. Recently, they featured a collection of paintings from young Eastern European artists, establishing the Lora Reynolds gallery as the first commercial gallery in Austin with an international program.

Not far from the Reynolds gallery is 4 Walls fine art, which opened its doors in March of last year in the historic Heierman Building built in 1887. Michael Terrazas, the gallery’s founder, got assistance from Rick Black architecture to transform the building into a beautiful open space, with an upstairs studio loft available to traveling artists. Terrazas, who also owns Club Deville and SoCo eatery the Woodland, taps into his other businesses to ensure a deliciously catered reception to accompany their contemporary fine art shows.

The east side of town has seen rapid growth in young, scrappy art complexes, which are using readily available, and affordable, warehouse spaces to show off their creative pieces. The artists who make up Okay Mountain embody the new, young face of the art world, with witty, laid back attitudes complimenting their professional gallery. Though many shows pull from talented local artists, Okay Mountain has also brought in artists from Argentina, Japan, and Egypt. Their open house parties are dramatically different from those downtown, with more of a beer keg party feel, and nearby neighbors, made up of artists and musicians, show up in throngs to add an extra charge to the atmosphere.

Art Palace is within walking distance of Okay Mountain, in an old East Austin home. The Art Palace works differently from the majority of East Austin Studios, by emphasizing works of one of Austin’s emerging artists at a time. Six years ago, the buzz from the art community on the east side of Austin was so loud, the city of Austin, along with a grant from the Texas Commission on the Arts, helped fund the East Austin Studio Tour. Once a year, East Austin art studios hold open houses, and make an event out of visiting the various art complexes.

The Arthouse, located on Congress Avenue in the heart of downtown Austin, is the oldest visual art organization in the state. Arthouse was originally named the Texas Fine Arts Association in 1911, and was set up to promote art in the state of Texas. The non-profit group went on to establish the studio art department at UT, and found many of the state’s major art museums. In 2002, the Texas Fine Arts Association changed their name to Arthouse. Arthouse provides contemporary art programming year round, and is free to the public. They also help the local art community by providing affordable health insurance, banking opportunities, and discounts on art supplies. Biennially, the Arthouse gives away the Arthouse Texas Prize, a $30,000 prize given to an up and coming contemporary Texas artist. The Arthouse Texas Prize is the largest regional visual arts award for emerging artists in the United States, helping build homegrown talent.

Contemporary Art Galleries in London

Art galleries are the perfect settings for exhibiting art, generally visual art such as paintings, sculptures and photography. Basically, art galleries feature a variety of art styles including contemporary and traditional fine art, glass art, art prints, and animation art. Art galleries are dedicated to the promotion of emerging artists. These galleries provide a platform for them to display their works along with the works of nationally and internationally renowned artists.

Types of Art Galleries

Art gallery is the name given to a place where some type of visual art is displayed. The two different types of art galleries are the art museum and the contemporary commercial art gallery. An art museum is usually publicly owned and is non-profit making organization rather displaying and preserving art. It also exists to educate people about art.

Contemporary art galleries or commercial art galleries have the purpose of selling art rather than simply displaying it. Many of these galleries are just in the business of selling works of art and will offer pretty much whatever is available.

Most famous art galleries provide an opportunity for visitors to purchase outstanding artwork. Also, they organize several art-related activities such as music concerts and poetry readings for children and adults. Art galleries organize seminars and workshops conducted by renowned artists. Committed to excellence in both art and service, most famous art galleries offer you a rich, unforgettable experience.
Many famous art galleries display regional pieces of art such as African art, American art, Indian art, and European art, along with folk art, modern and contemporary art, and photography. These galleries collect, exhibit, and preserve the works of art for the coming generations. Many famous art galleries strive to entertain and educate their regional, national, and international audiences. Some famous art galleries specialize in particular areas such as portraits. A good number of famous art galleries are owned and operated by government.

How Disney Killed Children’s Films

There are three categories of films from my childhood. There are those that I watched and loved, but probably will never watch again in adulthood, because I know how horrible they are and my childhood infatuation was born of my infatuation with something similar. Good examples include The Wizard, Rookie of the Year, and any of The Mighty Ducks trilogy. I have extremely fond memories of all these films, but I’m sure that sitting down to watch them now would result in a painful realization of just how bad an eight-year-old’s taste in film can be.

The second category is almost exactly the same thing, except these are films that I would gladly rewatch with age. They’re still horrible, but the campy, kitschy revelations of childhood return with much warmer nostalgic fanfare than other less enjoayable children’s flicks. I include the venerable Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles among others in this category.

But, it’s the third category I want to talk about today, that of the true children’s masterpieces, those few films that I watched over and over again in childhood and would gladly rewatch today, give to my children some day, and buy when released on DVD again. There were not many films that manage to live up to these standards, but the few that do tend to be universally acclaimed. Star Wars, Indiana Jones, and The Princess Bride are all films I’ve been watching annually since I was a child and will continue to watch into old age. Disney had a decent corner on this market once upon a time.

Quality films of universally acclaimed value, good for children and adults alike are almost non-existent anymore in this hyper-targeted, marketing addicted society in which we live. Instead, film makers make films for adults or they make films for children, and the middle ground is largely filled with television and garbage.

There were very few if any failed attempts on their part, and if you ignore the slight lull in masterpiece production in the years of World War II and in the early 1980s, every animated feature Disney released was a gem. It was however, only a handful of films into the mass production era (starting in 1988, after which a new animated feature was released every 12-18 months) that the quality started to dip more and more towards the dangerously low level of output we’re greeted with today.

At the same time as Disney released its first truly mediocre animated features, Pixar was getting started by releasing masterpieces of their own. It was as if the torch of creativity had been passed from the hand drawn to computer generated ages. However, there was no reason for the change. Ironically, the quality of animation dived inversely to the technology of the age. For whatever reason, there was a sharp spike in animation of inferior artistic value during the 1990s, seemingly an attempt by studios to shake things up and modernize the classics and their aging formula.

Instead of merely shaking things up though, the new Disney animation looked merely cheap, and relied almost solely upon fart jokes and shallow characters. Hercules, a story that could easily have been an epic masterpiece had Disney put the full conviction into it that other ages old epics such as Aladdin and The Lion King (Hamlet) had received, was no better than a protracted television episode. Tarzan, Lilo and Stitch, and Treasure Planet were bad, and The Emperor’s New Groove was horrendous (so much so that I’d forgotten it existed until I started looking up the list of films).

At one time considered a canon of great films, Disney’s recent release list reads more like a trainwreck of creative failure, churning out clunkers like Brother Bear and Chicken Little. In the mid 90s, when the company started releasing sequels of its more popular films, no one batted an eye. They were of lesser quality, but still entertaining in a fashion. However, by the time 2000 rolled around, Disney was releasing more than a half dozen of the direct-to-DVD clunkers every year and with each new sequel, one more life long fan lost respect for the House of Mouse.

Today, years of poor decisions and mass production has led to the complete reformation of the studio. Pixar’s head animator, John Lasseter, the genius behind a decade of masterpieces in digital animation, has been placed in charge and the studio is finally looking to reopen its hand drawn studios and get back to the core of what made Disney the leading supplier of children’s entertainment in the last 70 years, good stories for all ages.

A year ago, this article would have been a plea for the folks at Disney to return to their roots and bring back the films that I so utterly fell in love with in my childhood. Today, I’m happy to say that I’d rather write about my hopes for the future instead. While Pixar has regaled us with enough quality films to keep the entire next generation occupied with nostalgic masterpieces in their adulthood, I’m still not convinced that Disney can fully recover from the poor decisions of the past decade.

Famous Feather Boa And Handmade Angel Wing Supplier Celebrates Tenth Anniversary

The popular company announces its tenth anniversary and celebrates with those who have grown to love the unique feather products. When Trisha started her company, she had no idea that she would be supplying angel wings for movies by Paramount Pictures and Disney. Well-known people from around the world use her products faithfully.

“Rachael Arroyave, of the band Prophecy Collective, exclusively wears our wings onstage and loves the way they feel. She says the wings are lightweight, comfortable and durable. To keep her wings in top shape, she even stores them in a special case when touring. Our Phoenix Wings are her favorite,” states Trisha.

The photogenic colors and textures of Trisha’s feather boas are what appeals to the production and fashion world. Even many state pageants and child pageants use the boas to add life and color to the outfits.

“Angel wings and feather boas are a great way to dress up an outfit to get noticed. There are many colors and styles to choose from. We all want to have fun, and our product helps everyone do just that. Anyone can feel like a star wearing these boas. A feather boa can be worn with almost anything, and it’s a great way to get noticed!” adds Trisha.

The feather boas are not only a symbol of glamour, but also one of hope. This past year, Trisha’s company was bombarded with requests for pink feather boas. These boas were the symbol used in the fight against breast cancer sponsored by Race for a Cure.

7 Digital Photography Tips for Beginner

These 7 digital photography tips you can get started on your way to become an excellent photographer if you’d like.

1. Digital photography tip: Learn your cameras settings

Chances are you shoot most of your pictures utilizing your camera’s “automatic” mode. This will get you average results. If you are striving for great shots, you’ll need to learn about other modes too. Take the time to read your camera’s manual to understand when to use each shooting mode.

2. Digital photography tip: Take more photos

Before going crazy buying the most expensive equipment right away, you had better take more photos because the more photos you take, the more you’ll know about what kind of camera to get when it’s time to upgrade. In other words, you can always delete the bad ones later.

3. Digital photography tip: Busting the dust

Digital camera with removable lenses are prone to dust landing on the sensor. Static electricity around the sensor can possibly contribute to attracting dust particles, or other elements to this sensitive area of your camera. You can get rid of the dust is a camera blower brush, and tilt the camera down while blowing. Take care not to get any of the hairs snagged inside.

4. Digital photography tip: Use a tripod

A tripod will keep your camera steady which will make your photos clearer.

5. Digital photography tip: Shot your subject at different focal length, angles, and formats
Shoot your subject at different focal lengths – using the zoom on your photos will not only change how close your subject appears but it will also change the depth of field (ie the blurring of the background). It also allows you to shoot from different distances which can really impact how relaxed your subject is (there’s nothing better than a photographer in your face to make you tense up)

Shoot your subject from different angles – it’s amazing how much you can change a shot by getting on your knees or taking a few steps to the side.

Shoot using different formats – there are different ways to grip a digital camera. The two main ones are horizontally or vertically but you can also get into all kinds of diagonal ways to do it. Mix it up.

6. Digital photography tip: Experiment with different ‘modes’

Even the most basic point and shoot cameras have different ’shooting modes’. These are usually things like ‘portrait’, ‘landscape’, ’sports’, ‘night’ etc. Sometimes it’s worth flicking through these to take shots at different settings. What these modes do is simply change the basic settings (like aperture, shutter speed, ISO) – all things that can change the look and feel of your shot considerably

7. Digital photography tip: Play with your Flash

Try turning your flash off or forcing it to fire in shots. Sometimes adding flash to a scene where there’s lots of light behind your subject is essential (even though your camera might not think it needs it). This stops those silhouette shots where it looks like you’re trying to hide the identity on your subject.

Ancient Greek Architecture

Ancient Greek Architecture

The common materials of Greek architecture were wood, unbaked bricks, limestone and marble, terracotta and metals, which were especially used for decorative details. The architects of the Archaic and Classical periods in Greek history used these raw materials to construct five basic types of buildings which are: religious, domestic, civic, recreational and funerary. There existed three major architectural systems (orders) in Greek architecture. The three orders are Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Every architectural order has a distinctive style with characteristic detailing. It is said that the Greeks believes that the Doric and Ionic styles or orders were descended from the Doric and Ionic Greeks of Dark Ages, whereas the Corinthian style was supposed to be later modification of the Ionic order. Here is more about each of these ancient Greek architectural styles:

Ancient Greek Architecture: The Doric Style

The Doric style is formal, austere and rather sturdy and its top is plain. The Doric style was used in mainland Greece from where it also spread it several colonies in southern Italy and Sicily.

Examples of Doric Style in Ancient Greek Architecture
The most prominent examples of the Doric style architecture are the Parthenon and the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens. The Parthenon which is the temple of the Greek goddess of wisdom, Athena Parthenosis located on the Acropolis in Athens and was built in the 5th century BC.

Ancient Greek Architecture: The Ionic Style

The Ionic style or the architectural style of the Ionic order is more delicate, intricate and more elegant. It is much more relaxed and decorative than the Doric order architecture. The Ionic style was found in eastern Greece, in the cities of Ionia and some of the Aegean islands. It is believed that the Ionic order architecture became dominant in the Hellenistic period, since it suited the aesthetics of the Hellenistic period. It is also said that several Greek States strongly opposed the evolution of the Ionic order since they thought it represented the dominance of Athens.

Examples of the Ionic Style in Ancient Greek Architecture
The Erechtheum, the temple of Apollo, and the small temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis are prominent examples of Ionic architecture. The Erechtheum temple was built on the Acropolis of Athens between 421 and 405BC. On the other hand the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, was built in 300 BC, which had a dipteral design.

Ancient Greek Architecture: The Corinthian Style

The Corinthian style is supposed be a modification of the Ionic style. Although it is seldom seen in Greek architecture marked by elaborate and intricate carvings of leaves and flowers.